An Update: Loyd-style pottery markers -- A link to Peppertown Pottery

1980s marker presented as an 1880s marker. A correction

by Terry Thornton
email: hillcountrymonroecounty@gmail.com

In the photo essay posted yesterday at this blog, Loyd-style Pottery grave markers markers (click to view), a pottery marker was identifed as a Loyd-style marker with speculation that it was one of the pre-1900 ones. That is not the case. The marker, shown below, was made in the 1980s by Itawamba County Mississippi potters, the late Titus and Euple Riley, of Peppertown Pottery.

According to Itawamba County historian Bob Franks, the Rileys experimented with making grave markers of clay similar in style to the 1870s Loyd-patented markers. Two of their pottery markers were installed at Keys Cemetery and are shown above. The one for Mr. Clouse was pictured in the previous article.

According to Franks, the Clouse graves were unmarked and the Rileys made the markers for them in the 1980s. Further, the name "Levi" should be "Eli." "Elie Clous" and Elizabeth Clous are found on the 1880 Lamar County, Alabama, federal census. The family consisted of

Elie Clous, 35, born Alabama

Elizabeth Clous, 26, born Mississippi

Erlich F. Clous, 9, born Alabama

Katie M. Clous, 7, born Alabama

Mary A. Clous, 5, born Alabama

William J. Clous, 2, born Alabama

Didemie J. Clous, 5 months, born Alabama

Elizabeth was the daughter of Daniel Lockhart and Dedema Liles Dill Lockhart of Gattman, Monroe County, Mississippi. Daniel Lockhart's grave marker in Lockhart Cemetery contains the following information.

Eli Clouse, according to Franks, was the father of Eldridge Frazier Clouse. Eli and his family moved from northwest Alabama into northeast Mississippi after the Civil War. The Clouses last lived in the Greenwood community of Itawamba County and are buried in nearby Keys Cemetery. Their graves were marked with stoneware/pottery markers made by in the 1980s by Titus and Euple Riley of Peppertown, Itawamba County, Mississippi. The markers for the Clouses were made in the 1980s and are in the style of the older circa 1880s Loyd-style grave markers.

Thanks to Bob Franks for sharing his extensive knowledge of Itawamba County history and for documenting the Clouse stoneware/pottery markers at Keys Cemetery.

Sources:

Clouse Family Information and Peppertown Pottery Information by Bob Franks, emails to Terry Thornton, March 20, 2010.

Clouse Family Census Information, 1880 Lamar County, Alabama, Federal Census. Transcribed from the census images at Heritage Quest, March 21, 2010. Accessed through the Lee-Itawamba County Mississippi Library System.

Clouse Markers photographed in Keys Cemetery, Itawamba County, Mississippi, March 19, 2910, Terry Thornton, Fulton, Mississippi

Lockhart Markers photographed in Lockhart Cemetery, Monroe County, Mississippi, October 25, 2008, Terry Thornton, Fulton, Mississippi

Loyd-style stoneware or pottery grave markers

A Photographic Essay

UPDATE: See additional information and correction at http://hillcountryhogsblog.blogspot.com/2010/03/update-loyd-style-pottery-markers-link.html

by Terry Thornton
email: hillcountrymonroecounty@gmail.com

Various forms of Loyd-style pottery grave markers are found in the Hill Country of north-western Alabama and north-eastern Mississippi. Almost all older cemeteries in this region have one of more of these patented Loyd-style markers.

The use of local clays by Hill Country potters to make pottery grave markers was a process perfected by William Payne Loyd and William Dickinson Loyd of Tremont, Itawamba County, MS. On June 10, 1879, they received U.S. Patent # 216,427 for making a tombstone or grave marker from clay fired into stoneware/pottery. Their patented technique was licensed to several other pottery shops.

Slight differences are apparent in the markers from potter to potter --- but the overwhelming majority of the surviving stoneware grave markers show the typical slab of light (Bristol slip) glazed stoneware embellished with cobalt blue markings done with a stylus or with letter embossing molds

On occasion Loyd-style markers show the work of more creative potters and a few such markers are decorated with stylized drawings and figures. See examples posted by Mona Mills at Itawamba Connections:

http://itawambaconnections.blogspot.com/2009/02/loyd-pottery-markers-patented-june-10.html

http://itawambaconnections.blogspot.com/2009/02/he-sleeps-beneath-his-native-earth.html

http://itawambaconnections.blogspot.com/2009/02/william-payne-loyd-itawamba-potter.html

The following photographs show additional attempts to use pottery grave markers. No attempt was made to determine who fired these examples from local clay or when --- nor is there any attempt made to determine which forms inspired the Loyds or if the marker is a copy of the patented Loyd process by a potter who wished to emulate the Loyd-maker without using the patented process.

Example 1. The following close-up of Levi C. Clouse's pottery marker shows a Bristol slip/wash on a reddish clay decorated freely with cobalt blue with hand-lettered manuscript writing. Damage to the marker has removed some of the overglaze revealing the clay color below. tawamba County, Mississippi.

Example 2. The following photograph of Thomas Minyard pottery marker is a typical example of the Loyd-process. The base no longer survives on Mr. Minyard's marker --- but the typical Bristol slip with cobalt-blue writing remains vivid. Itawamba County, Mississippi.

Example 3. The following photograph shows a brownish glaze (Albany slip ?) with brown writing on a typically shaped Loyd-marker which was uncovered recently in a Hill Country cemetery. According to Itawamba County historian, Bob Franks, only one other brown glazed with brown writing Loyd-style marker has been found in the county. Franks speculates that the Loyds may have experimented with various colors and glazes and that there was not much market for brown. [Note: The photograph does not capture the brownish color of this marker very well. The marker was removed from beneath a layer of dirt and moss and photographed without cleaning.]. Itawamba County, Mississippi.

Example 4. Below is shown a typical Loyd-style marker from the same cemetery as Example 3. It too was uncovered from beneath a large rock where it was partcally covered with dirt and a layer of forest rubble. Note the typical glazing and colors. Itawamba County, Mississippi.

Example 5. The photographs below shows an Loyd-style pottery grave marker and its base. The base, which is a turned piece of pottery holds the pressed/slab marker upright. The two pieces are shown as found, separated, in photograph A. When rejoined, a typical intact Loyd-style pottery grave marker is much like that shown in photograph B. Monroe County, Mississippi.

Example 6. The following three photographs show a pottery marker that may have been influenced by the patented Loyd-style marker. Clearly a turned pottery base, the marker consists of an round slab of fired clay that is decorated with both line work and applied pottery elements. The slab portion is joined to the based with a metal fastener. Unfortunately most of the applied elements to this one-of-a-kind pottery marker have been lost. Photograph A shows this small stoneware marker from the back and side; Photograph B shows it from the front and Photograph C is a close up of the slab. It is not known who made this stoneware marker; it is located in a traditional African-American portion of a cemetery in northern Monroe County, Mississippi.

Example 7. Compare the shape of the slab portion of the Loyd-style marker in Example 7 to Example 8. Various changes in shape, size, and lettering to the manufacturing process occurred over time which enables some pottery experts to determine which specific potter made a specific grave marker. Itawamba County, Mississippi

Example 8. Itawamba County, Mississippi.

See also Hill Country Kiln: Firing the Potter's Clay, April 27, 2007, by Terry Thornton in Hill Country of Monroe County Mississippi, Volume 1. Post # 3.).

Photographs of Loyd-style grave marker. Copyright © 2010. William T. "Terry" Thornton, Fulton, Mississippi. All Rights Reserved.